South African Forced Removals History Essay

South African Forced Removals History Essay In South Africa, apartheid was an important factor in the forced removal of many innocent South Africans, due to the color of their skin. Throughout the 1900s the struggle between segregation and equality was brought to attention, affecting almost every aspect of a black South Africans life. Equality was a struggle starting as far back as the 1600s, when white settlers first came to Africa establishing white supremacy over the black majority, rendering them helpless. From the causes, to the effects upon the civilians, the forced removals majorly affected the present day South Africa. There are many causes as to why the forced resettlement of blacks was conveyed by the government. The apartheid more or less originated back in 1652 when white settlers first arrived in South Africa. This history did impact the way the laws and policies were enforced later on 1948 on by the nationalist party. In 1910, the Union was formed. After this, the territorial segregation the white settlers had impressed was put in law with the 1913 Black Land Act. The Black Land Act limited the areas black Africans could occupy through ownership or rent, basically to the Bantustans reserves, which made up 7% of the total land area of South Africa. This act would become the basic land policy of South Africa up until the end of the resettlement. The Act also made the number of migrant laborers increase, since most of the industries and mines, which was and still is the main source of income for Africans, were occupied by black workers, but were located on white land. In 1936, due to the large a mount of blacks enforced into the reserves, the Development Trust and Black Land Act added land to the reserves. The total land area increased from 7% to 13% land area for blacks, and 87% owned by whites (Henard). During the 1930s and 40s, the amount of money blacks were paid in urban areas was considerably better than that of rural, and this began a migration of black Africans into urban areas. This countered the wants of the dominant agricultural capitalists, who needed a good, cheap work force during the agricultural boom of the 1950s. Thus began the move towards forced removals, to keep blacks out of white urban areas. This need for the removal was the implementation of the Bantustan (Homeland) Policy. The Bantustans consisted of a set of ten tribes, known as homelands. Bantustans were territories set aside for the black inhabitants of South Africa that were unofficially independent. The Bantustan Policy was directed towards rural, urban, and Bantustan resettlement. These resett lements were to direct blacks from designated white urban land and areas, which led to a superfluous amount of farm laborers. In 1950, the Group Area Act was put into action. The Group Area Act mandated residential segregation throughout South Africa. Over 860,000 Africans were forcibly moved to divide and control racially-separate communities. Multiple multi-racial communities were destroyed by the government using things such as bulldozers, and other machinery. To further enforce the eviction of blacks to the Bantustan reserves, the white government created the Prevention of illegal Squatting Act in 1951. An illegal squatter by definition was someone living illegally on land without permission from the land owner. They also extended that to even with permission from the owner; they could still be convicted and ejected by the authority. Illegal squatters were removed to the Bantustans. As time progressed, black political organizations such as the African National Congress and Pan A frican Congress were banned from interference. Whites dominated in politics and economy, strategically dividing black majority into small townships with separate political structures. Having them divided kept them from coming together and forming their own ideologies and political ideas. This also prevented them from doing any type of resistance against the white dominated government. Overall there were many events leading up to the forced removals. By the beginning of the 1980s, almost 60% of the African population was based in the Bantustans (source 2). The black spots, or communities the blacks were forced into, were overcrowded and unsanitary. These communities more or less became the dumping grounds for unwanted blacks, namely the elderly, women and children. By forcing these Africans into overcrowded settlements, they prevented them from having political or economic advantage over the whites. As a result of the enforced removal of blacks from white urban and most rural areas, the black majority (87% of the total population) was refocused into the 13% of Bantustan land reserves, by white authoritative (MSU). Places such as Sophiatown in Johannesburg (1955-63), and District 6 in Cape Town (beginning in 1958) were evicted from their homes. If blacks were to rebel or resist movement, they were forcibly moved, as demonstrated in 1985 over a period of four days, in Crossroads, South Africa. Blacks were being removed to a new tow nship that was government run called Khayelitsha. Their peaceful demonstration turned violent, causing 18 civilians to be killed, and 230 injured. Between the periods of 1960 to 1983, 3 million black Africans were moved. After the institution of the Bantustan Policy, places such as Dimbaza, Illinge, and Saba on the Eastern Cape became overcrowded and infertile. At first the Africans did nothing, but beginning in the 1980s popular resistance to the removals was widespread amongst the migrated. The resistance was massively influenced by Gandhi and Nelson Mandela, who both stood for the end of apartheid and segregation. Gandhi represented peaceful movement and protest, while Nelson Mandela rooted strongly for changing the type of government and the people controlling it, allowing blacks into the political loop. By the 1980s, the crumble of forced removals began to take place. There was widespread resistance, along with massive amounts of unemployed blacks living largely in poverty. In 1990, the African National Congress was finally unbanned, along with Nelson Mandela freedom. Working together, they were able to hold the first multiracial democratic elections in 1994. Upon this success, the African Nation Congress dominated with 62% majority of the vote. Nelson Mandela was elected president of South Africa after 28 long years in prison by the parliament, therefore actively ending apartheid and bringing back equality to South Africa. The Bantustan reserves were later incorporated back into the country of South Africa as a whole. Even after it ended, a great amount of the blacks that were forced into small townships remained there, out of the result that they had no work or money to leave for or with. Bantustan reserves are ridden with poverty and crime, due to the forced removals. South African forced removals had a large effect on the current state of South Africa. Starting as early as the first white settlers in Africa from Europe, blacks were faced with apartheid and white supremacy for many long years. Over three million Africans were forced from their homes, having to move to overcrowded, infertile, and unsanitary areas so that the white and blacks would stay separated. This separation was made legal through a series of laws, policies, and acts by the white dominated government. The struggle for equality and erosion of apartheid was a long and continuous process, but finally came to an end in the early 1990s.

The Limits of Human Power.

Home > globalism > The Limits of Human Power The Limits of Human Power Monday 5 September 2011Ed HurstLeave a commentGo to comments Current plans to take over the world will fail, as usual. It’s offered as some key piece of evidence, something never before seen: NWO Plans EXPOSED by Insider in 1969. Actually, it’s one several such exposes I’ve seen over the years. For example, if you read John Taylor Gatto’s reports, you’ll realize some of these plans were formalized before the creation of the Federal Reserve.Keep reading back, and you’ll find plenty of documentation of such thinking all the way back into the 1700s. It would seem we are still chugging along the trajectory established back there by the Rothschild family (actually the name was Bauer). I’m not sure how much control they maintain over the whole enterprise, and I tend to think they are hardly the only ones involved. I’ve said often I’m convinced there is some division of interests up in that stratosphere of human rule. There seems to me more than one plan for global rule, though I’m pretty sure they all arose from the original thread started by that family.But if you trace the thinking espoused by Amschel Bauer’s writing and reports of his thoughts, you realize it goes back even farther. In other words, it’s been around since humans began recording anything at all. It doesn’t take much to discover a long list of worthy efforts which didn’t quite make it. We now read them as empires of history, though some come through in highly garbled and questionable accounts. For example, the most dubious chronology today is that of Ancient Egypt. While most people agree on a working assumption about it, those who really understand it admit there is much room for debate.But the one thing no one questions is the firm belief these people had in their destiny to rule all humanity. So the current run at this global rule seems to be somewhat fragmented. That is, the really big shots involved are having trouble keeping themselves on the same sheet of music. The linked article recounting a speech by Dr. Day is one thread of this story; I’ve seen material suggesting conflicting goals. There is a huge overlap, though. Certain elements are recognizable in both fiction and factual reports, because they represent borrowed wisdom from ancient attempts and failures.The whole point behind the Social Sciences, which includes History, is a broad attempt to understand human nature. What seems to be a point of limited debate between the plutocrats is the best way to take control. Even bigger is the disparity between the apparent reasons why they want it. In the theology to which I adhere, the Devil offers varying lures to anyone who can be suckered into wanting such power. His own objectives are incomprehensible, but certain patterns do come through. One of them is the lust for causing human misery in gene ral. In this, the plutocrats are making great progress right now.But another pattern is the assurance any measure of success in holding such great power will be short lived. It seems people can be harnessed to some grand vision with all manner of cynical brilliance about human foibles, and keep that wisdom alive across several generations, but when they are on the verge of gaining what they seem to seek, they somehow lose their hunger, lose their sharp sense of situational awareness. Something else kicks in and they do something stupid, and the Devil gets to laugh at his suckers. The whole thing comes apart and somebody else gets to start the cycle afresh.I’m pretty sure we haven’t hit the break point yet. Whomever is currently working to gain that universal power is still hungry, still pretty sharp, but the flies are buzzing around the cauldron. One or two have already fallen into the mix. It’s not going to turn out quite as they hope, but they’re too fa r into it to change directions much. The problem for them is, you can’t see this very clearly unless you disentangle yourself, divest yourself of any real interest in the whole thing. By no means is my intelligence in their league, but I simply don’t place much value on this level of existence.I’m hardly alone in this, but I do find myself pretty lonely, in that there aren’t that many of us. I’m not sure any of us can explain it, but the mere awareness itself somehow works to weaken this vast dark cloud of evil hovering over our heads. We aren’t blind, just not worried, and we refuse to contribute any fear energy to the process. A part of my weirdo theology indicates Satan’s power is affected by the level of fear he can create, and when people begin to lose that fear, even if only a few people, his efforts run out of gas.His only real power over us is our willingness to accept his story; when you become skeptical of it, the effect is somewhat more than mere counting of noses, but is exponential. That’s because the truth reflected by such skepticism is simply far more powerful. The simple truth in the minds of just a few that life on this plane is not the real story is enough to weaken the whole plan. In the midst of my holy cynicism and skepticism is a very high confidence God can and does show at least as much to others as He does me. I don’t award myself a very high rank, as it were, in this wisdom.I’ve brushed up against too many who were way ahead of me. But the very moral fabric which rules this universe responds to just a little truth in the mix, and my faith is richly rewarded. I’m watching, along with others, as this whole big plan or global rule starts coming apart just as it seems successful. Things are altogether ugly right now, with a broad, fat layer of misery resting on humanity as a whole. It’s a lot worse than it has to be; anyone can see that. But there is a si gnificant trend of suckers becoming unstuck from the big lies.People can be pretty smart when they want to be, and I’m watching a trend of folks waking up, if only partially. While their efforts will mostly be aimed at the wrong things, insofar as I can estimate, their awareness alone is making a powerful difference they probably can’t quite see. The divine principle here is God rewards a good desire by making things work out to our good in the end. This is my Father’s world, and He gets the final say in things. It won’t matter how much or how well we understand that, only that we live as best we can accordingly.This is just another round at the Tower of Babel, and it will end the same as before, in mass confusion. About these ads [pic][pic] [pic][pic][pic][pic][pic][pic] [pic]Share this: †¢ Print †¢ Email †¢ Facebook †¢ Digg †¢ LinkedIn †¢ StumbleUpon †¢ Reddit †¢ Twitter †¢ Google +1 †¢ Pinterest †¢ Tumblr †¢ Like this: Like Loading†¦ Categories: globalismTags: government, oppression, propaganda, religion [pic]Comments (0)Trackbacks (0)Leave a commentTrackback 1. No comments yet. 1. No trackbacks yet. Leave a Reply

Lady Macbeth Character Analysis

Lady Macbeth is one of Shakespeare’s most infamous female characters. Cunning and ambitious, Lady Macbeth is a major protagonist in the play, encouraging and helping Macbeth to carry out his bloody quest to become king. Without Lady Macbeth, her husband might never have ventured down the murderous path that leads to their ultimate downfall.   In many respects, Lady Macbeth is more ambitious and power-hungry than her husband, going so far as to call his manhood into question when he has second thoughts about committing murder.   Sexism in 'Macbeth' Along with being Shakespeares bloodiest play, Macbeth is also the one with the greatest number of outright evil female characters. Chief among them are the three witches who predict Macbeth will be king and set the plays action into motion.   Then, theres Lady Macbeth herself. It was unusual in Shakespeares day for a female character to be so boldly ambitious and manipulative as Lady Macbeth. Shes unable to take action herself, perhaps because of the social constraints of the time, and must persuade her husband to go along with her evil plans. Masculinity is defined in the play by ambition and power, two qualities that Lady Macbeth possesses in abundance. By constructing the character in this way, Shakespeare challenges our preconceived views of masculinity and femininity. But what exactly was Shakespeare suggesting? On one hand, it was a radical idea to present a dominant female character. But on the other hand, Lady Macbeth is presented negatively and ends up killing herself after experiencing what appears to be a crisis of conscience.   Lady Macbeth Character Description and Guilt Lady Macbeth’s sense of remorse soon overwhelms her. She has nightmares and in one famous scene (Act 5, Scene 1), appears to try to wash from her hands the blood she imagines has been left behind by the murders. Doctor:What is it she does now? Look how she rubs her hands.Gentlewoman:It is an accustomd action with her, to seem thuswashing her hands. I have known her continue in this a quarter ofan hour.Lady Macbeth:Yet heres a spot.Doctor:Hark, she speaks. I will set down what comes from her, tosatisfy my remembrance the more strongly.Lady Macbeth:Out, damnd spot! out, I say! — One; two: why, thentis time to dot. — Hell is murky. — Fie, my lord, fie, a soldier, andafeard? What need we fear who knows it, when none can call ourpowr to accompt? — Yet who would have thought the old man tohave had so much blood in him? By the end of Lady Macbeths life, guilt has replaced her incredible ambition in equal measure. We are led to believe that her guilt ultimately leads to her suicide. Lady Macbeth is, therefore, a victim of her own ambition — and also possibly of her sex. As a woman  in Shakespeares world, she is not resilient enough to deal with such strong emotions, whereas Macbeth fights on to the very end despite his misgivings.   The treacherous Lady Macbeth both defies and defines what it means to be a female villain in a Shakespeare play.

Rhetorical Analysis of Martin Luther King Jrs Our God is...

Rhetorical Analysis The Civil Rights Movement is a time when African American and Caucasian activists worked together to fight for the equality of all people. One of the great liberators of this time was a civil rights activist, Martin Luther King Jr., known for his nonviolent movements and uplifting speeches that could move large crowds simply by the tone of his voice. King also became notorious for several speeches including his I Have a Dream speech and his Free At Last speech, not putting an indentation on his other works. Of his less known works is Our God is Marching On, or commonly known as How Long, Not long? He gave this speech after the march from the Edmund Pettus Bridge in Selma, Alabama to the steps of the Alabama Capital. Those who are familiar with some of his unknown works, classified it as one of his most exhilarating and moving speeches, leading the audience in sermon like chants and spiritual upraise. King uses ethos, logos, and pathos to appeal to the audience and gain followers for the Civil Rights Movement. The speech has importance because it was given after the passing of The Civil Rights Act of 1964, the Montgomery bus boycott and after the march on Montgomery, it is said to be the speech that ended the first chapter of the Civil Rights Movement. He is installing hope into his listeners by saying that nothing will stop them, burning, bombings, killings- nothing will stop the movement. He says he knows how hard and tiresome it is but as long as

Effects Of Birth Control On Children - 1677 Words

When I was sixteen years old I asked my dad if he was okay with me going on birth control. Naturally he thought the worst, but that had nothing to do with why I wanted it. The reason that most female teens think about birth control is because of premenstrual syndrome -- a condition which causes migraines, cramps, and mood swings. Many people, like my father, disapprove of teens using birth control for moral and/ or religious reasons. Parents do not want their children to have birth control because they often feel that it is inappropriate and against their beliefs. Teens should be able to have easy access to birth control to assist with premenstrual syndrome, prevent unwanted pregnancies, and gain knowledge about safe sex. Secondly, the cost of birth control is becoming cheaper, so the financial issue is becoming less of a problem and free birth control is helping to drastically lower unwanted teen pregnancies and abortions. In New York State, birth control has become free for everyon e, regardless of personal health insurance. On another note, comprehensive sex education regarding birth control, as well as how to use it effectively, can help teens more because if they become sexually active without knowing the risks, or how to effectively use birth control, this creates a greater risk of sexually transmitted diseases and unwanted pregnancies. Why do teens want birth control? Most teens want to be protected from pregnancy and sexually transmitted diseases if theyShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Birth Control On Children1658 Words   |  7 PagesWhen focusing on the public’s opinion on the use of birth control, research and analysis of polls show that on average, the overall relevant public ranges from ages 15-19 or 18 and older, which would indicate that they are teenagers post-puberty or adults. Most of those surveyed were American females, which is likely because they are most directly impacted by birth control, considering that they are the ones taking it, receiving information about it at their doctor’s, etc. The relevant public alsoRead MoreEffects Of Birth Control On Children1719 Words   |  7 PagesAccutane, flu shots, Prozac, and birth control. One of the most common of these drugs is birth control. Birth control is a drug that may be used in various ways. It is mainly taken to prevent pregnancy, make menstrual cycles lighter and more regular, and help prevent or treat certain diseases or conditions. Birth control may also cause women to encounter side effects like nausea, headaches, weight gain or loss, or mood swings. Despite these side effects, birth control is a very effective and beneficialRead MoreThe Effects Of Birth Control On Children1921 Words   |  8 Pagesthirteen and eighteen be allowed to receive birth control and contraceptives without the consent of their parents? This is a question commonly asked and also extremely controversial. Birth control is a sensitive subject to many people because many are against the issue and some are for minors having the right to consent to their own reproductive health care. There are a lot of different views on this subject and many different beliefs as to whether birth control should be available to teens under 18 yearsRead MoreBirth Control Essay1297 Words   |  6 Pageslowered. I am interested about how birth control has evolved, and the effects it has had on women socially and economically. The research begins before the 17th century; the primary purpose of contraceptives was to prevent disease, not pregnancy. During this time the Catholic Church in Europe does not recognize birth co ntrol aside from abstinence, causing citizens to break away from the church. By the 18th century doctors in France were educating men about birth control, and contraceptives were usedRead MoreTeenage Pregnancy : A High Risk, The Effects, And The Prevention Of Teen Pregnancy1242 Words   |  5 Pagesthe second highest. Teenage pregnancy is a social and economic problem; it is not good for our country. This essay, will discuss who is at a high risk, the effects, and the prevention of teen pregnancy. Some people are at a higher risk of getting pregnant at a young age. There are many factors that can make a person at a high risk. Most children that grow up in foster care have problems. These problems can vary from self-esteem issues to drug and alcohol problems. Teenagers that have self-esteem issuesRead MoreTeenage Pregnancy Is Becoming A Problem921 Words   |  4 PagesPregnancies, it states â€Å"When teenage girls have babies, they are in danger. They more likely will suffer serious health problems than mothers in other age groups and more often will drop out of school and become stuck at low-income levels for life. Children of these teens also navigate a tough road. They are prone to health and behavior trouble, tend not to do well in school and frequently become teen parents themselves† which gives us evidence that it is not healthy for a young girl to get pregnantRead MoreExaminig the Effect of Human Population Control Essay examples1730 Words   |  7 Pagesesta blish population control policies. Population control is defined as ‘a policy of attempting to limit the growth in numbers of a population, especially in poor or densely populated parts of the world, by programs of contraception or sterilization’ (according to dictionary.reference.com). Some famous laws include China’s One Child Policy introduced in 1978 and Family planning in Iran and India, causing some tensions between womens health activists and population control advocates. This reportRead MoreMaking A Change : Margaret Sanger1713 Words   |  7 PagesChange: Margaret Sanger’s 1925 Speech Margaret Sanger’s, The Children’s Era, exudes knowledge on how contraceptives and birth-control will create a better world for the children. This paper conducts a Neo-Aristotelian analysis of Margaret Sanger’s 1925 speech. It contributes to rhetorical theory by advancing knowledge of how rhetors create a consensus on the use of birth-control and contraceptives. The paper proceeds first by establishing the context of the speech, which will include the target audienceRead MoreThe Importance Of Birth Control1349 Words   |  6 PagesShould birth control be accessible to women? Should birth control be covered by insurance? There are many public debates covering the topic of birth control. Some of these debates cover which methods of contraception are the most effective ways at obtaining couple’s reproductive plans, while other debates include whether or not insurance should cover the cost of contraceptive, also the short and long term effects, how to increas e use of birth control among sexually active individuals, and there areRead MoreTeenagers and Birth Control1208 Words   |  5 PagesTeenagers should have access to birth control devices. The most compelling argument against this thesis is the idea that they are not emotionally mature enough to be having sex at all, in that it is a meaningful commitment that should be only taken up by adults who have the ability to consent fully and understand the consequences of their behavior. Additionally, sexual behavior contains a lot of risks of many different natures. There is the emotional risk of engaging in such intimate activity

Book Review Imperial Germany Free Essays

Date: April 18, 2012 Subject: Book Review The book â€Å"Imperial Germany 1871-1918† by Volker R. Berghahn has the under title Economy, Society, Culture and Politics and was first published in 1994 by Berghahn books. The used edition is the revised and expanded edition published in 2005 and summarizes the events in the ‘Kaiserreich’ (1871-1918). We will write a custom essay sample on Book Review Imperial Germany or any similar topic only for you Order Now Furthermore, the book has 388 pages and is divided in five parts which are Economy, Society, Culture, the Realm of Politics, and World War I. Each part has numerous under parts giving the reader detailed information about each part. In addition, the author did tremendous research on the German Empire, founded by Otto von Bismarck in 1871 and lasting until the end of World War I, to clarify the broader outlines of the development between 1871 and 1918 and to explain why Germany went to war in 1914 and lost that conflict four years later. Volker Berghahn, born 15 February 1938 in Berlin, studied jurisprudence at the University of Gottingen in the first place and then history and politics at the University of North Carolina. He taught in England and Germany before coming to Brown University in 1988 and to Columbia ten years later since then, he is Seth Low Professor of History at Columbia University. Moreover, he has published widely on modern German history and European-American relations. The book â€Å"Imperial Germany† is a comprehensive history of Germany and is thematically organized to provide data and information about major developments and the Bismarckian and Wilhelmine eras. The author expresses his theses and opinions in this book. Firstly, Berghahn? s position regarding the debates over the Deutschen Sonderweg is balanced and his main view about the German population is that it was characterized by pluralization and polarization. In particular, the society became more pluralistic after 1871 demonstrated by a more colorful and dynamic Kaiserreich. Berghahn demonstrated this richness and diverseness of the German population by looking at German? s society and culture. Polarization also played a main role in the Imperial Germany. In Berghahn? opinion, polarization is connected with another controversial which is whether or not the Kaissereich was in a deep crisis before World War I. His first evidence is that the economy was not in a good shape (tax conflicts, armament expenditures) followed by evidences such as that the society had difficulties to integrate industrial workers and minorities, the cultural view was pessimistic and the political realm came in a stage of stagnation. He also argues that the Kaisserei ch is a class society and analyzes who classes/groups/people are the â€Å"losers† of the society development. Furthermore, he points out the impact of gender, minorities, generations and religion but makes clear that these are only under topics of analyzing Germany. Moreover, the author was driven by his interest in major related issue in the Kaiserreich. The issue is that he wants to explain why Germany ended up in World War I. His thesis is that the catastrophe was triggered by Vienna? s and Berlin? s decision makers. Berghahn does a pretty good job in backing up his theses. The reason is that he uses other historians? opinions to support the written. For example, in the 1st part, ? Economy`, (Page 13) he writes that the economy experienced an upswing that lasted until 1913 and backs up this statement by providing a footnote which can be find at the end of the book. In addition, he provides the reader with tables to support his data and information. The tables are good because they make it easier to understand the data and summarize the written perfectly. Additionally, he cites other people who are mainly historians as well and have published famous and generally accepted writings such as M. Kaplan, The Jewish Feminist Movement in Germany. Moreover, Berghahn also refers to researches by mention them after his thesis or/and statement. Another notable characteristic of Berghahn? s book is that he mentions counter theses. By mention them; the reader gets to know the different historical views and what diverse and numerous opinions historians have about the development of Germany (1871-1914). Additionally, to support his theses, Berghahn confutes counter theses by giving data, information and arguments which show that the other historians? theses are wrong. In other words, Berghahn uses other (â€Å"wrong†) theses to support his theses. The author also uses counter theses to introduce a new theme and to make the reader think about the argument more deeply. In addition, he uses a research and/or historian thesis which is from the past or only the beginning of a thesis to further develop his thesis up on the other thesis. Furthermore, Berghahn sometimes writes what a specific historian thinks about a topic without commenting it. In comparison to the other books? authors we have read so far, the author of the book â€Å"Imperial Germany; Economy, Society, Culture and Politics† writes differently. Firstly, he states his wn opinions and theses, whereas the other authors mainly provide information. Additionally, Berghahn provides a lot of tables at the end of the book as compared to no tables in the previous books. In contrast to some use of footnotes (other writers? publications) in previous books, in Berghahn? s book, you find footnotes everywhere and the book has 32 pages only for footnotes. Additionally, Bergha hn writes not chronologically like Blackbourn for example, he divides the part thematically. In conclusion, on one hand, the book was informative and I like that Berghahn mentions other historians opinions as well. In addition, the use of tables makes it easier to understand the data and he handles counter theses well. On the other hand, the book was hard to read and protracted because his sentences are not straight forward and clear and he uses a lot of numbers in his writings making it hard to follow. Additionally, I don? t like how the book is organized (thematically) because for me, I prefer reading of all the developments happened in one time period. However, it shouldn? t be forgotten that the book is a very useful source and provides the reader with tones of information about the developments in the ? Kaiserreich`. How to cite Book Review Imperial Germany, Papers

Management Ethics American Character and Society

Questions: 1.Who should decide (a) how much information should be provided by manufacturers, (b) how good products should be, and (c) how truthful advertisements should be? The government? Manufacturers? Consumer Groups? The free market? Explain your views. 2.Carefully examine two advertisements taken from current news papers or magazines and assess the extent to which they meet what you would consider adequate ethical standards for advertising. Explain and Defend your standards of ethics in advertising. Answers: 1. As stated by, a consumer friendly company should always provide useful and helpful information regarding a particular product or service. A manufacturer should not only be concerned about the minimum requirements but should also be responsible to provide detailed information about the product. The Consumer Bill of Rights also propose that consumers should not have a limited right upon the information of commercial products. This right is important to stop malicious practices of major business manufacturers (Graves, 2016). Therefore, it can be easily stated that it should be the Consumer Groups and not the manufacturers or the government who will be responsible for deciding the information to be provided by the manufacturers. It has to be understood that a manufacturer will always try to manipulate the thinking of consumers and will provide information that influence consumers and compel them to buy the product. Same objective can be applied for the free market as well; that in order to boost sales of product, exaggerated information is supplied. On the other hand, government being not biased and in order to improve the economic condition of the State might provide certain inappropriate information to increase exchange of products. However, the consumer groups who are the buyers and consumers of the product should be aware of information including the ingredients of the product, its manufacturing and expiry dates being at the priority list (Kaal, Klosek Waleski, 2012). It is only based on the information on the packaging or advertisement of the product, the consumer will have the right on their purchase. 2. In the view point of Schudson, (2013), advertising agencies should have a responsibility towards building a constructive force in the business. The advertising standard code as adopted by the American Association of Advertising Agency states that advertising agencies must recognize an obligation, not only for their clients but for the public and the media as well whom they employ. Therefore, abiding by certain common sets of standard practices is indeed important. For example: Mentos Print Advertisement It has to be understood that Mentos is a refreshing gum and it has no nutritive value that might help to increase intelligence of a person. Thus, unfair tactics have been used to portray the benefits of the product. The basic theme behind this advertisement was to give tribute to the great scientist and portraying that Mentos provide refreshment and help people to get ideas. However, the advertisement did not provide any kind of information related to the ingredients of the product. The creative form created a false and misleading exaggerated statement. The Eraser Advertisement This advertisement of The Eraser portrayed its effect on the user. However, it has to be understood that it falls under the responsibility of the advertisers to warn people on its side effects in case if a person has allergy to some products. However, as commented by Berger, (2015), that advertisement is one of the important frameworks to meet the level of competition among the same products and services in the market. It is for the reason, some advertisements are found to degrade the basic ethics of advertisements that automatically arise question on ethical approach made to frame the advertisement. References: Berger, A. A. (2015).Ads, fads, and consumer culture: Advertising's impact on American character and society. Rowman Littlefield. Graves, B. (2016, July). Consumer demand, innovation and opportunity for co-products. In2016 Joint Annual Meeting. Asas. Kaal, A., Klosek, J., Waleski, B. (2012). US Consumer Privacy Bill of Rights: Principles and Impact The Obama Administration's Call for the Enactment of Baseline Federal Privacy Legislation and Its Potential Implications on Existing US Privacy Laws.Computer law review international, (3), 65-72. Schudson, M. (2013).Advertising, the uneasy persuasion (RLE Advertising): Its dubious impact on American society. Routledge.